Exploration of the Mechanisms of Human Rabies Vaccine Immunization Failure and Strategies to Enhance Vaccine Efficacy

Abstract

Rabies, as a highly lethal viral disease, vaccination is a key means of prevention and control. Despite the widespread use of modern cell-cultured vaccines globally, cases of vaccine failure have been reported, particularly among immunocompromised populations. This article reviews typical cases of vaccine failure in human rabies vaccination, the potential mechanisms of vaccine failure, and discusses future strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy in conjunction with the latest research progress in vaccine design and immune responses related to current vaccine research hot spots such as COVID-19 and influenza. By analyzing the latest clinical and basic research data, the importance of immune monitoring and the necessity of personalized immunization strategies are emphasized, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for clinical practice and vaccine development.